Superconducting nanowires enable the operation of outstanding single-photon detectors, which are required particularly for quantum information and weak-light measurement applications. However, the trade-off between detection speed and efficiency, which is related to the filling factors of superconducting nanowires, is still a challenge. Here, we propose a fast, efficient single-photon detector fabricated by integrating ultralow-filling-factor meandered superconducting nanowires atop a photonic crystal (PhC) resonator. This unique structure enables a fast photon response due to the low kinetic inductance of the short nanowires and ensures efficient photon absorption due to the resonant effect of the PhC structure. The proposed detector has a filling factor of only ∼12% while maintaining a high maximum absorption in our simulation of 90%. The fabricated device exhibits a maximum system detection efficiency of 60%, a maximum count rate of ∼80MHz, and a recovery time of only ∼12ns, which is three times faster than that of the conventional meandered structure at the same sensing diameter (18 μm). This work helps advance the movement toward high-efficiency, high-speed single-photon detectors and promotes their future application in quantum communication and imaging.

针对光电跟踪稳定平台系统中载机振动、系统参数摄动、摩擦力矩及外部扰动等因素直接影响光电跟踪系统稳定精度的问题，从伺服控制器控制角度出发抑制跟踪系统中的偏差，提高稳定精度，保证其在复杂环境下仍具有强鲁棒性。通过建立光电跟踪稳定平台系统的数学模型，分析干扰力矩、陀螺噪声及系统参数的变化对光电稳定平台的影响，设计了基于新型非线性扩张观测器（novel nonlinear extended state observer，NNESO）和滑模变结构控制（sliding mode varianle structure control，SMVSC）的复合控制策略。理论推导和仿真实验结果表明：此种复合控制策略具备对干扰力矩、外界扰动和系统结构参数摄动的完全适应性和强鲁棒性，对比无新型非线性扩张观测器的控制系统，证明其拥有更高的稳定精度和更快的动态响应，在补偿非线性方面具有良好的效果，可增强光电跟踪稳定平台的抗扰动能力。